@font-face{font-family:Inter Tight Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-tight-latin-ext-wght-normal.B4u9PlvR.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Inter Tight Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-tight-latin-wght-normal.DX-nOvPD.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-ext-standard-normal.HoL-AExg.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C4,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-standard-normal.BpEBLj1O.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-ext-standard-italic.BhUEwDRF.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C4,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-standard-italic.BOLXpvkj.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-latin-ext-wght-normal.DBQx-q_a.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-latin-wght-normal.B9CIFXIH.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Inter Tight Fallback;src:local(Arial),local(Helvetica),local(Liberation Sans),local(Arimo);size-adjust:96.39%;ascent-override:100.51%;descent-override:25.03%;line-gap-override:0%}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Fallback";src:local(Times New Roman),local(Times),local(Liberation Serif),local(Tinos);size-adjust:117.91%;ascent-override:87.87%;descent-override:28.41%;line-gap-override:0%}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Fallback;src:local(Courier New),local(Liberation Mono),local(Cousine);size-adjust:99.98%;ascent-override:102.02%;descent-override:30%;line-gap-override:0%}:root{color-scheme:light dark;--paper:light-dark(#fbfaf7,#131312);--panel:light-dark(#f2f0ea,#1c1c1a);--ink:light-dark(#121212,#ecebe7);--rule:light-dark(#121212,#8f8c84);--muted:light-dark(#5c5a55,#a29f97);--hair:light-dark(#dcd8cf,#34332f);--accent:light-dark(#d32a1e,#ff5d4f);--error:light-dark(#b0221a,#ff7a6e);--code:light-dark(#efece5,#1f1f1c);--field:light-dark(#fff,#0e0e0d);--field-border:light-dark(#8d897f,#6b6860);--sans:"Inter Tight Variable", "Inter Tight Fallback", Arial, sans-serif;--serif:"Source Serif 4 Variable", "Source Serif 4 Fallback", "Times New Roman", serif;--mono:"JetBrains Mono Variable", "JetBrains Mono Fallback", "Courier New", monospace}:root[data-theme=light]{color-scheme:light}:root[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:18px/1.6 var(--serif);font-optical-sizing:auto;margin:0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{color:var(--accent)}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:2px}.skip{position:absolute;left:-999px}.skip:focus{background:var(--paper);z-index:10;padding:.5rem 1rem;top:1rem;left:1rem}.wrap{max-width:74rem;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1.5rem}.site-header{border-bottom:3px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--sans)}.header-row{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:.5rem 2rem;padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:.85rem;display:flex}.brand{font:800 1.25rem/1 var(--sans);letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--ink);margin:0;text-decoration:none}.brand:before{content:"";background:var(--accent);width:.55em;height:.55em;margin-right:.4em;display:inline-block}.brand span{font-weight:400}.site-header nav{letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem 1.5rem;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600;display:flex}.site-header nav a{color:var(--muted);padding-bottom:.2rem;text-decoration:none}.site-header nav a:hover,.site-header nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--ink);box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 var(--accent)}.site-header nav a.jobs-link{color:var(--accent)}.theme-toggle{visibility:hidden}.js .theme-toggle{visibility:visible}.theme-toggle{font:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-transform:inherit;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;padding:0 0 .2rem}.theme-toggle:hover{color:var(--ink);background:0 0}.theme-toggle:before{content:"◐ "}.page{grid-template-columns:12.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:0 3.5rem;padding-top:2.75rem;padding-bottom:4rem;display:grid}.page.wide,.page.tool{display:block}.page.tool .content{max-width:60rem}.rail,.toc{font-family:var(--sans)}.toc{position:sticky;top:1.5rem}.toc-inline{margin:0 0 .5rem;display:none;position:static}.toc-inline+h2{margin-top:1.75rem}.toc-inline summary{border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair)}.toc-inline summary:after{content:" +"}.toc-inline[open] summary:after{content:" −"}.toc summary{letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;border-top:2px solid var(--rule);padding:.35rem 0;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:700;list-style:none}.toc summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.toc ol{counter-reset:toc;margin:.5rem 0 0;padding:0;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.35;list-style:none}.toc li{counter-increment:toc;grid-template-columns:1.8rem 1fr;margin:0 0 .55rem;display:grid}.toc li.aux{counter-increment:none}.toc li.aux:before{content:"—";color:var(--muted)}.toc li:before{content:counter(toc, decimal-leading-zero);font:500 .72rem/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--accent)}.toc a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.toc a:hover{color:var(--ink)}.content{counter-reset:sec;min-width:0;max-width:50rem}.kicker{font:600 .72rem/1.4 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 1rem}.kicker span{color:var(--accent);margin-right:.9em}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink)}h1{letter-spacing:-.02em;text-wrap:balance;max-width:22ch;margin:0 0 1rem;font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,2.75rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.1}.lede{color:var(--muted);max-width:40rem;margin:0 0 2rem;font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.5}.lede strong{color:var(--ink)}h2{letter-spacing:-.015em;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin:3.25rem 0 .75rem;padding-top:.8rem;scroll-margin-top:1rem;font-size:1.45rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}.page:not(.wide) .content>h2,.page:not(.wide) .content>section>h2{counter-increment:sec}.page:not(.wide) .content>h2:before,.page:not(.wide) .content>section>h2:before{content:counter(sec, decimal-leading-zero);font:500 .74rem/1 var(--mono);color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;display:block}h3{margin:2rem 0 .35rem;font-size:1.08rem;font-weight:650}p,ul,ol,dl{margin:.8rem 0}.content>p,.content>ul,.content>ol,.content>dl,.content>h3,.content>section>p{max-width:41rem}li+li{margin-top:.3rem}li::marker{color:var(--muted)}strong{font-weight:650}.muted{color:var(--muted)}hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--hair);margin:2.5rem 0}code{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font:.84em var(--mono);background:var(--code);padding:.1em .35em}pre{font:.8rem/1.55 var(--mono);background:var(--code);border-top:2px solid var(--rule);margin:1.25rem 0;padding:1rem 1.15rem;overflow-x:auto}pre code{overflow-wrap:normal;font-size:inherit;background:0 0;padding:0}.formula{font:.9rem/1.5 var(--mono);border-left:3px solid var(--accent);white-space:nowrap;max-width:41rem;padding:.45rem 0 .45rem 1rem;overflow-x:auto}.note,.warn{max-width:41rem;padding:.8rem 1rem;font-size:.97rem}.note{background:var(--panel)}.warn{background:var(--panel);border-left:3px solid var(--accent)}.sources{font:.84rem/1.55 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--hair);margin-top:2.75rem;padding-top:.85rem}.table-wrap{border-top:2px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);margin:1.5rem 0;overflow-x:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font:.9rem/1.45 var(--sans)}th,td{text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);vertical-align:top;padding:.55rem .7rem}th:first-child,td:first-child{padding-left:0}th:last-child,td:last-child{padding-right:0}tbody tr:last-child>*{border-bottom:0}thead th{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);white-space:nowrap;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:700}tbody th{font-weight:650}td.num,th.num{text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}td.num{font:.84rem/1.45 var(--mono);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}tbody th small{color:var(--muted);font-size:.76rem;font-weight:400;display:block}tr.key>*{background:var(--panel)}caption{caption-side:bottom;text-align:left;color:var(--muted);font:.8rem/1.45 var(--sans);padding:.6rem 0 .7rem}dl{margin:1rem 0}dt{font:700 1rem/1.4 var(--sans);margin-top:1.4rem;scroll-margin-top:1rem}dd{margin:.2rem 0 0}.calc{background:var(--panel);border-top:2px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--sans);margin:1.75rem 0;padding:1.25rem 1.25rem 1rem}.calc h2{border:0;margin:0 0 1rem;padding:0;font-size:1rem}.field{grid-row:span 3;grid-template-rows:subgrid;row-gap:0;display:grid}.flag{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--accent)}.field label{align-self:end}.fields{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(9.5rem,1fr));gap:1rem 1.25rem;display:grid}label{font-size:.86rem;font-weight:650;display:block}label small,.field small{color:var(--muted);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:400;display:block}input[type=number],input[type=text]{width:100%;font:500 1.05rem var(--mono);color:var(--ink);background:var(--field);border:1px solid var(--field-border);border-radius:0;margin-top:.35rem;padding:.5rem .65rem;display:block}input::placeholder{color:var(--muted);opacity:1}input:focus{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:0;border-color:var(--ink)}.result-group{margin-top:1.4rem}.result-group .label{color:var(--muted)}.results{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem 1.25rem;margin:.4rem 0 .25rem;display:grid}.stat{border-left:3px solid var(--accent);padding:.1rem 0 .1rem .75rem;display:block}.stat b{font:600 1.45rem/1.2 var(--mono);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em;display:block}.stat span{color:var(--muted);margin-top:.2rem;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.35;display:block}.error,.field-error{color:var(--error);font-weight:650}.field-error{margin:.35rem 0 0;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.35}input[aria-invalid=true]{border-color:var(--error)}button{font:650 .85rem var(--sans);letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border:0;border-radius:0;padding:.55rem 1rem}button:hover{background:var(--accent)}.label{font:700 .7rem/1.4 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 .4rem}.jobs{border-top:2px solid var(--rule);max-width:41rem;margin-top:2.25rem;padding-top:.85rem}.jobs p{margin:0 0 .4rem}.jobs-cta a{font:650 1rem/1.4 var(--sans)}.jobs-cta span{font:.82rem/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:.15rem;display:block}.related{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:1.75rem;padding-top:.85rem}.related ul{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(17rem,100%),1fr));gap:.25rem 2rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.related li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);margin:0;padding:.6rem 0}.related a{font:650 .98rem/1.3 var(--sans);text-decoration:none}.related span{color:var(--muted);margin-top:.2rem;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.45;display:block}.hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.5fr) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:end;gap:2rem 4rem;padding-bottom:2.5rem;display:grid}.hero h1{max-width:16ch;font-size:clamp(2.3rem,5vw,3.4rem)}.hero .lede{margin-bottom:0}.figures{font-family:var(--sans);margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.figures li{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);grid-template-columns:6.5rem 1fr;align-items:baseline;gap:1rem;margin:0;padding:.7rem 0;display:grid}.figures li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.figures b{font:600 1.35rem/1.1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:-.02em}.figures span{color:var(--muted);font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.4}.figures a{color:var(--ink)}.index-group{border-top:2px solid var(--rule);grid-template-columns:12.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:0 3.5rem;margin-top:2.25rem;padding-top:.6rem;display:grid}.index-group h2{font:700 .72rem/1.6 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);border:0;margin:.25rem 0 0;padding:0}.index{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(19rem,100%),1fr));gap:0 2.5rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.page.wide .content{counter-reset:idx;max-width:none}.index li{counter-increment:idx;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);margin:0}.index a{color:var(--ink);grid-template-columns:2.4rem 1fr;padding:.85rem 0 .95rem;text-decoration:none;display:grid}.index a:before{content:counter(idx, decimal-leading-zero);font:500 .78rem/1.75 var(--mono);color:var(--accent);grid-row:span 2}.index strong{font:650 1.05rem/1.3 var(--sans)}.index span{color:var(--muted);margin-top:.2rem;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.45}.index a:hover strong{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:3px}.term-index{font:.86rem/1.9 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);max-width:none}.site-footer{border-top:3px solid var(--rule);font:.86rem/1.55 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);padding:1.75rem 0 2.5rem}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:12.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.5rem 3.5rem;display:grid}.footer-grid>div{grid-column:1/-1;grid-template-columns:12.5rem minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:0 3.5rem;display:grid}.footer-grid>div p{margin:0}.site-footer ul{columns:2 16rem;grid-column:2;column-gap:2.5rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.site-footer li{margin:0 0 .3rem}.site-footer a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.site-footer a:hover{color:var(--accent)}@media (width<=64rem){.page{padding-top:1.75rem;display:block}.rail{display:none}.toc-inline{display:block}.hero{gap:1.5rem;padding-bottom:0}.figures{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 1.25rem;display:grid}.figures li,.figures li:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding:.6rem 0;display:block}.figures span{margin-top:.2rem;font-size:.8rem;display:block}.index-group{margin-top:1.75rem}.hero,.index-group,.footer-grid,.footer-grid>div{grid-template-columns:1fr}.footer-grid>div{gap:.75rem}.site-footer ul{grid-column:1}}@media (width<=40rem){body{font-size:17px}.wrap{padding-left:1.1rem;padding-right:1.1rem}.formula{white-space:normal}.results{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.page{padding-top:1.5rem}.kicker{margin-bottom:.75rem}.header-row{padding-top:.85rem}.site-header nav{gap:.3rem 1.1rem;font-size:.72rem}h2{margin-top:2.5rem;font-size:1.3rem}.lede{font-size:1.1rem}.calc{margin-left:-1.1rem;margin-right:-1.1rem;padding:1rem}}